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Lost Dubai diver’s friends raise $55k for search

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DUBAI, United Arab Emirates — Friends of an experienced Algerian diver who went missing 32 kilometers (20 miles) off Dubai have raised $55,000 to assist rescue teams in their search after he disappeared while spearfishing.

Adel Ait-Ghezala, a doctoral student at the American University in Washington, went missing Wednesday afternoon after he went free diving with friends in the Persian Gulf.

Family friend Abdullah Al-Arian said Monday that the money was raised in two days through a crowd-funding website. Friends say the donations will be used for volunteers to charter boats and helicopters for a more expansive search.

Ait-Ghezala’s brother Ahmed says Dubai rescue teams are searching the waters and “doing their utmost to find Adel.”

Friends and family say they still trying to figure out why Ait-Ghezala failed to surface from the dive.

Read more here

 

VARD to Design and Construct Diving Support Vessel for Harkand

Vard Holdings Limited announced that it has secured a contract with a new customer, Harkand Group, for the design and construction of one Diving Support and Construction Vessel.

The value of the contract exceeds NOK 1 billion.

The vessel is of VARD 3 03 design, specially designed and equipped for diving and subsea operation duties with a high focus on good sea-keeping abilities, excellent station keeping performances and low fuel consumption.

The vessel will be fitted with a 250 ton offshore crane, a ROV hangar, and a Twin Bell 18 Man Saturation Diving System, supporting split level diving operations to a maximum diving depth of 300 meters.

The vessel is scheduled for delivery from Vard Søviknes in Norway in 2Q 2016.

The hull of the vessel will be delivered from Vard Tulcea in Romania.

The contract comprises an option to place an order for a second similar vessel.

Headquartered in London, Harkand is a growing global subsea Inspection, Repair and Maintenance (IRM) group with operations in four regions across the globe; Africa/Middle East, Asia Pacific, Europe, and Nor th America.

Harkand’s expertise is in subsea inspection, repair and maintenance as well as light construction, construction support and survey services.

Formed in 2013 through the merger of Iremis, Integrated Subsea Services (ISS), Andrews Survey and Veoli a Marine Services, following investment by Oaktree Capital Management, the group today has sales in excess of USD 400 million and aims to grow to USD 1 billion by 2017.

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Divers Save Navy US$1-million a Year on Waterjet Anode Work

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US Navy divers recently completed a first-time full underwater waterjet seal on the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) USS Fort Worth which enabled  them to inspect and replace the cathodic protection system anodes mounted in the intakes. On this waterjet propelled ship it’s a job that needs to be done every four months, and so NAVSEA’s Supervisor of Salvage and Diving (SUPSALV) was tasked to develop a procedure that would enable the anodes to be replaced at sea in order to avoid dry-docking.

In early course Navy engineers developed a plate to seal the waterjet inlet, as well as external patches to isolate the waterjet, so as to create a dry working environment for the inspection (a fairly common procedure in smaller waterjet propelled vessels for this kind of inspection, but less so for a large warship of this type). Joe Theodorou, SUPSALV program manager pointed  out: “Having this capability saves the Navy $100 million in dry dock costs in the San Diego area.”

Philippine DOE Recognizes Malolos-1 in SC44 as an Oil Discovery

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Gas2Grid Limited reported Friday that the Philippine Department of Energy (DOE) has formally recognized Malolos-1, which is located in Service Contract (SC) 44 onshore Cebu, Philippines, as an oil discovery and approved an extension of SC 44 in order to conduct oil production with the aim of establishing a commercial oil field. The approval has been issued after a formal application was submitted by Gas2Grid Limited and under the terms and conditions of the Service Contract and takes effect from Jan. 28, for a period of 12 months.

Forward plans involve longer period oil production testing to establish commerciality. In order to complete a longer term testing a beam pump and oil storage will be required onsite. We consider that the longer term testing will also enable an independent expert to certify and convert some of the Contingent Resource of oil in place into Proven, Probable and Possible oil reserves. Planning is underway to commence testing in February, subject to equipment availability. The estimated cost of this work is $500,000-$1 million.

Gas2Grid Limited successfully perforated and flow tested two oil bearing sandstones in Malolos-1 at depths of 7,280-7,308 feet (2,219-2,227.5 meters) and 7,152-7,207 feet (2,178-2,195.4 meters). Oil was produced on short term test at indicative production rates of between 100 to 200 barrels of oil per day (bopd). Oil from the lower sandstone also flowed to just below surface. The two oil bearing sandstones that have tested oil are located within the eastern limb of the Malolos anticline where they are steeply dipping (60 degree). Previously drilled wells, Malolos-1 and Malolos-4, recorded oil bearing sandstones over a 1,627 foot (496 meter) vertical interval. The recent oil test production rates (between 100-200 bopd) confirm Malolos-1 as an oil discovery well. These results have now been integrated with all other available technical data that indicate a possibly much larger Malolos oil field than initially assessed. We are confident that further testing of Malolos-1 will result in commercial oil production from this much larger field.

Initial assessment of the oil volume potential within the Malolos oil field is a “Contingent Resource” oil in place in the two oil productive sandstones in the range of between a “Low Estimate” (1C) of 4 million barrels and a “High Estimate” (3C) of 42 million barrels, with a “Best Estimate” (2C) of 12 million barrels of “Total Oil Initially in Place”.

A technical summary of all observations, measurements and testing in Malolos-1 follows:

  • Oil has been produced from two separate sandstone intervals in Malolos-1 at rates between 100 to 200 bopd
  • Oil saturated sandstone was recovered in a rock core retrieved from Malolos-4 with several other intervals containing sandstones with excellent oil shows at correlative stratigraphic levels to the oil bearing sandstones in Malolos-1
  • The bedding dip in Malolos-1 and 4 averages about 60 degree to the east (based on core, seismic and dipmeter data)
  • Both wells were sited on the very eastern margin (limb) of the surface anticline
  • No oil-water contact has been intersected – each oil bearing sandstone has oil on rock
  • The anticlinal crest and western limb of the Malolos oil field remain to be tested

In summary:

  • Oil has been produced from two separate sandstone intervals in Malolos-1
  • An oil saturated sandstone was recovered in a rock core recovered in Malolos-4 with several other intervals containing sandstones with excellent oil shows; similar stratigraphic levels to oil in Malolos-1
  • The bedding dip in Malolos-1 and 4 averages about 60 degree to the east (based on core and dip-meter data)
  • Both wells were sited on the very eastern margin of the surface anticline
  • No oil-water contact has been intersected with each of the oil bearing sandstones having oil on rock
  • The anticlinal crest and western limb of the Malolos oil field remain to be tested
  • Recently acquired seismic data images the steeply dipping eastern margin of the surface anticline where Malolos-1 & 4 are located
  • The DOE has formally recognized Malolos-1 as an oil discovery

FUNDING

The Company’s preferred funding for the complete appraisal and development work is by a farmout of SC 44, reducing its current 100 percent interest. Farmout efforts are progressing.

Dennis Morton (managing director) had the following comments: “The Department of Energy’s recognition of Malolos-1 as an oil discovery is not only the first time the oil field has been independently certified as an oil discovery but importantly it provides a 12 month extension of SC 44 in order to produce oil with the aim of establishing field commerciality. Funds raised by the sale of oil during the test production period will generate revenue to fund additional SC 44 operations. Successful longer term oil testing will enable the DOE to approve Malolos as a commercial oil field and allow oil production from the retained areas of Service Contract 44 for a period of 25 years. The DOE approval is a giant step forward in developing the oil field. Numerous other surface anticlines, adjacent to the Malolos oil field also warrant evaluation. Gas2Grid has confidence that the oil discovery is significant and worthy of further testing and evaluation to transform the Company from explorer to producer and to benefit all shareholders.” The Malolos anticline has at least 1,640 feet (500 meters) of indicative vertical closure, it covers a large area and therefore it holds potential for a very large oil accumulation. The Malolos oil field can be cost effectively assessed, as it is located onshore and very close to facilities. It is now a high priority to appraise the Malolos oil field and actively explore the surrounding surface anticlines, which are also very attractive exploration targets. We also have the knowledge that oil fields discoveries have previously been made within sandstone reservoirs trapped in similar types of anticlines, immediately to the north and south of SC 44.”

 

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Qualified Job Seekers Find Options as Energy Industry Embraces Diversity

In recent years, the level of diversity in the oil patch has increased significantly, according to staffing professionals in Houston. In particular, the energy industry is now offering more opportunities for women.

“There has been a real broadening of paths for women as companies move toward greater gender diversity,” Carolyn Stewart, NES Global Talent business development manager, said. “It’s not just in an office setting that the change is occurring. One now sees women working on rigs, or in refineries, performing jobs once filled only by men. Companies are becoming more agile, and [now] place value on ideas and innovations.”

According to recruiters, while some companies are targeting women specifically, even more companies are focused on finding qualified talent, regardless of gender.

“Today, some energy company clients are contacting recruiters and specifically asking if there are [qualified] women candidates for positions,” noted Cecilia Rose, president and founder of Next Door Strategies, LLC, corporate keynote speaker and executive career strategist.

Staffing professional Christine Norris, executive search consultant for Professional Alternatives, also noted that there has been a change in energy industry hiring practices in recent years. Many energy companies are willing to make an extra effort for good women candidates, Norris said.

“A couple of years ago, I placed a woman petroleum engineer with one of our drilling clients in the Midwest. She had a Master’s Degree from an international university, internships while in college, and great references. The client did not have an opening at the time but reviewed the woman’s resume and was intrigued. So, the client interviewed her and subsequently made her an offer as a field engineer, which required hands-on work and training at the drilling site.”

The company that hired the woman established separate living quarters for the new employee, as well as a safety protocol, Norris added.

With energy companies eager to develop a pipeline of qualified candidates for future openings, there has never been a better time than now for job seekers to consider a career in the energy industry.

A couple of factors are contributing to the need for new energy sector workers. For one thing, the industry is growing right now, thanks largely to unconventional plays that have become the new normal. This is providing a boost to hiring in the energy sector, particularly in oil-rich states in North America like Texas, where the unemployment rate late in 2013 was just over 6 percent – nearly 1 percent under the national average, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Another factor that makes now the perfect time to consider a career in the oil and gas industry is that employees from the Baby Boom generation are transitioning into retirement. With energy companies losing many of the most skilled, knowledgeable and experienced employees in the industry, it is critical that energy companies find the most qualified candidates to replace them.

This “great crew change” is something most staffing professionals and energy industry hiring authorities have been talking about for some time. And this change will not only create a large number of openings, but it will also create opportunities for the right people to step up and earn a place in the C-suite.

As energy company hiring authorities become increasingly aware of the need to attract qualified people, they have begun instituting changes to make the workplace a more viable and attractive option, and women and men alike are benefitting from these changes.

“Weatherford and some other companies offer on-site daycare, and I really see companies offering flex-time to allow parents to take children to school,” professional-level recruiter, Raegan Hill, director of staffing at Onward Search, said. “Companies today recognize that lots of working women and men have children, so flex-time is important.”

All of the recruiters were pleased that the industry had changed with the times, but some of them noted that the struggles of past generations should not be overlooked. “While the industry has come a long way in diversifying, change hasn’t come easily. In the past, women have turned themselves into pretzels trying to prove that the perceptions are not true. They have run off to Dubai or done whatever it takes to break the old attitudes,” noted Rose. Hill actually worked alongside men while working in the industry before becoming a recruiter. “As recently as the late 1990s and the early 2000s, there was still a perception out there about the roles one took, and it was easy to be frustrated,” she said. “Someone just entering the workforce might not appreciate how much things have changed, and how those changes have benefitted men, too. Things are improving for women wanting an industry career, but there are still some challenges.” Stewart agreed, noting that vestiges of the old culture remain. “One way to appreciate the change in the industry is to look at the gender breakdown by age. You can still see a real age-related gender gap. In management groups, one still sees more men in C-level and higher management positions,” she said. The recruiters say that while there could be some challenges for women in the industry, women who are flexible and open to change can often turn things to their advantage.

“One of our 50-year-old woman human resources partners in the healthcare arena decided to make a change after an 18-year career during the most recent economic downturn,” Norris said. “She received a great offer and is in a financially rewarding position. She is on a fast track with an entrepreneurial company.”

Rose recalled a Rice University-educated woman who started her career with a major energy company and began moving up, but then hit a wall because of a lack of leadership skills.

“I tell women to take risks, become more visible, master their position and then move to another one to acquire and master new skills, and to have a career plan and a strategy. It is difficult for women in the workplace, but I tell them to focus on challenges no one else wants, rather than focusing on what they won’t let you do. Be open to new opportunities, speak up and be confident,” she said.

“Women don’t say they are leaving because of not earning as much as a man,” Hill said. “They leave because of the corporate culture, or because they perceive a lack of loyalty on the part of the company.”

Companies that are quick to lay people off when the economy shows signs of slowing down signal a lack of loyalty to employees. Recently, at a small firm with 30 employees, six of them separately contacted Hill looking for a new position.

“It’s not just about salary. Employees today want to make an impact. Or, some of them may want to work remotely. They have a life outside of work,” Hill said, “and companies wishing to retain good people are making changes that benefit both women and men.”

The fact that men also stand to benefit from the same changes that companies are making to attract qualified women workers is a positive consequence of the working woman dynamic. Savvy companies realize that it is shortsighted to spend money recruiting and training good candidates, only to lose them within a few years. However, the traditional corporate ladder approach to a career in not working for an increasingly large part of the worker population, and this is as true for men as for women.

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Cue Energy Updates on Drilling at Naga Utara-2 Well in Mahakam Hilir PSC

Cue Energy Resources Ltd. (Cue) disclosed Friday that at 06:00 local time Jan. 3, the Naga Utara-2 ST well in the Mahakam Hilir Production Sharing Contract (PSC) in Kutei Basin, Indonesia is at a depth of 6,060 feet (1,847 meters) measured depth (MD) below Kelly Bushing. Operations are in progress to plug and abandon the well.

Since the last report, the well was drilled to a total depth of 6,060 feet (1,482 meters) MD below Kelly Bushing in 8.5 inch hole. A suite of wirelogs was obtained which allowed for evaluation of the well; however the condition of the hole precluded further logging, including obtaining pressure data and fluid sampling by wireline tools. Although the well encountered indications of hydrocarbons, they were judged to be insufficient to warrant drill-stem testing.

The data obtained from Naga Utara-2 and the subsequent sidetrack will be integrated into our understanding of the petroleum potential of the Mahakam Hilir PSC prior to a decision being made on future exploration activity.

The well site is located in the onshore portion of the Kutei Basin on the island of Kalimantan (Borneo), approximately 6.2 miles (10 kilometers) north east of the town of Samarinda. Naga Utara-2 is operated by SPC Mahakam Hilir Pte Ltd, a subsidiary of Singapore Petroleum Company Ltd.

This will be the last of Naga Utara-2 weekly progress report to be issued by Cue.

Participating interests in the Mahakam Hilir PSC are as follows:

  • Cue Mahakam Hilir Pty Ltd: 40 percent
  • SPC Mahakam Hilir Pte Ltd: 60 percent (Operator)

 

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Oil Search Provides Drilling Updates on its Assets in PNG, Kurdistan

Oil Search Limited, an oil and gas exploration and development firm focused mainly on Papua New Guinea (PNG), reported Thursday that as at 06:00 hours PNG time Jan. 2, the Mananda 7 well in Petroleum Prospecting License (PPL) 219 in PNG was at a depth of 6,302 feet (1,921 meters) in a 12.25 inch hole.

Since the last drilling report released Dec. 19, 2013, drilling progress has been 2,821 feet (860 meters). The forward plan is to continue drilling ahead in a 12.25 inch hole.

Mananda 7 is located in PPL 219 and is designed to appraise the northern extent of the field as well as test for the presence of a potential gas cap and be suspended as a potential future oil producer. The well is targeting the Toro and Digimu sandstones.

The participants in Mananda 7 are:

  • Oil Search (PNG) Limited – 71.25 percent
  • Nippon Oil Exploration (Niugini) Limited – 20.00 percent
  • Merlin Petroleum Company – 8.75 percent
  • Total – 100 percent

Oil Search also reported that the Taza 2 well, located in the Taza Production Sharing Contract (PSC) in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), was spud Dec. 25, 2013. As at 06:00 hours KRI time Jan. 1, the well was at a depth of 652 feet (199 meters) and preparing to drill ahead in a 24 inch hole. During the week, the 30 inch hole was drilled to 652 feet (199 meters) and the 26 inch casing was set.

Taza 2 is located 6.21 miles (10 kilometers) north-west of Taza 1 and will appraise the hydrocarbon-bearing intervals discovered by Taza 1 (Dhiban/Jeribe and Euphrates/Kirkuk Formations), as well as explore deeper Tertiary and Cretaceous targets including the Shiranish Formation.

The participants in Taza 2 are:

  • Oil Search (Iraq) Limited* – 60 percent
  • Total E&P Kurdistan Region of Iraq (Taza) B.V. – 20 percent
  • Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) – 20 percent
  • Total – 100 percent

* Oil Search’s funding interest is 75 percent, with the KRG’s 20 percent interest carried by Oil Search and Total E&P Kurdistan Region of Iraq (Taza) B.V.

 

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Fiery Oil Train Collision Forces Evacuation of North Dakota Town

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Residents of a small town in North Dakota were urged to evacuate after a BNSF train carrying crude oil collided with another train on Monday, setting off a series of explosions and fires, the latest in a string of incidents that have raised alarms over growing oil-by-rail traffic.

Local residents heard five powerful explosions just a mile outside of the small town of Casselton after a westbound 112-car train carrying soybeans derailed. An eastbound 106-car train hauling crude oil ran into it just after 2 p.m. CST (2000 GMT), local officials said. There were no injuries in the collision that left 21 rail cars on fire, according to BNSF. Residents within 5 miles (8 km) of Casselton were urged to evacuate to avoid contact with the smoke. Residents within 10 miles were asked to remain indoors. Casselton resident Jolie Fiedler and her husband gathered their two dogs and left their home. “It’s better safe than sorry – just get out of town and dodge the smoke, I guess,” she said. “I’m hoping that I can go home tomorrow, but who knows.” Casselton City Auditor Sheila Klevgard said crews are pushing snow to contain the oil before it reaches a nearby creek. Half of the oil cars have been separated from the train, but another 56 cars remain in danger, said Cecily Fong, the public information officer with the North Dakota Department of Emergency Services. The collision destroyed both engines on the oil train. Both trains were operated by BNSF Railway Co, which is owned by Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway Inc.

The incident will likely stoke concerns about the safety of shipping increasing volumes of crude oil by rail, a trend that emerged from the unexpected burst of shale oil production out of North Dakota’s Bakken fields. Over two-thirds of the state’s oil production is currently shipped by rail. Initial reports from the scene of the accident did not point to a malfunction on the oil-carrying train. Still, videos of the exploding rail cars are likely to add to the ongoing debate on what fixes are needed as older train cars carry flammable fuels such as oil. The derailment occurred about a mile west of Casselton, a town of about 2,300 just west of Fargo, between an ethanol plant and the Casselton Reservoir, Fong said. Casselton is state Governor Jack Dalrymple’s hometown. RAIL CROSSROADS North Dakota is home to a raging shale oil boom that produced nearly 950,000 barrels of oil a day in October. It is also a major grain producer and long accustomed to a high volume of rail traffic. But shipments of oil have surged lately, most of it the light, sweet Bakken variety that experts say is particularly flammable.

Trains carried nearly 700,000 barrels a day of North Dakota oil to market in October, a 67-percent jump from a year earlier, according to the state Pipeline Authority.

This summer, a runaway oil train carrying Bakken crude derailed and exploded in the center of the Quebec town of Lac-Megantic, killing 47 people. The incident fueled a drive for tougher standards for such shipments, including potentially costly retrofits to improve the safety of tank cars that regulators have cited as prone to puncture.

In early November, two dozen cars on another 90-car oil train derailed in rural Alabama, erupting into flames that took several days to fully extinguish.

The Association of American Railroads recently proposed costly fixes to older tank cars that do not meet its latest standards but continue to carry hazardous fuels such as oil.

The fixes include protective steel jackets, thermal protection and pressure relief valves, which could cost billions of dollars. Oil shippers, likely to be saddled with the costs of retrofits, oppose some of the changes proposed by the association.

Following the Canadian rail disaster, the U.S. Department of Transportation began an operation it dubbed “Bakken Blitz,” which includes spot inspection of oil shipments aboard trains in North Dakota.

 

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Egypt Auctions 22 Oil, Gas Exploration Concessions

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Egypt’s General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC) and Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS) announced on Monday an international auction for 22 concessions for oil and gas exploration in accordance with production-sharing agreements.

The concessions are for areas in the Suez Canal, Egypt’s western desert, the Mediterranean sea and the Nile Delta, the state-owned firms said in an advertisement placed under the banner of the Oil Ministry in state-run newspapers.

Exploration companies have been hesitant to develop untapped gas finds in Egyptian waters partly because the amount the government pays them barely covers their investment costs.

Egypt pays offshore gas producers on average around $2-$3 per million British thermal units, according to industry estimates. Comparable payments for gas in Britain are currently above $10 and for Asian supply above $17.

Egyptian officials have suggested pricing arrangements should be changed to reflect the high costs of offshore exploration in deep water, arguing that such reform would spur new investments. The auction will end on May 19, Monday’s announcement said.

An Oil Ministry spokesman said the time was sufficient for companies to prepare their offers but gave no further details. Egypt has been struggling with soaring energy bills caused by the high subsidies it provides on fuel for its population of 85 million.

The subsidies have turned the country from a net energy exporter into a net importer over the last few years. Egypt has started repaying some of its debt to foreign oil companies, which had reached more than $6 billion this year. Egyptian Oil Minister Sherif Ismail signed two new gas and oil exploration agreements with Dana Petroleum on Monday for investment of at least $24 million in Egypt’s western desert, a statement from the ministry said.

Dana Petroleum, a subsidiary of state-run Korea National Oil Corporation, has a portfolio of 17 development leases in Egypt producing about 12,000 barrels of oil per day, according to the company’s website. Earlier in the month, Egypt’s cabinet approved seven new oil and gas exploration agreements designed to bring investment of at least $1.2 billion to the sector. The deals are with firms including BP, Dana Gas Emirati and Petroceltic International.

 

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Shares Of Bakken Oil Producers Plunge After US Warning

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Shares of Whiting Petroleum Corp , Continental Resources Inc and other top crude oil producers in the Bakken shale formation plunged on Thursday after the U.S. government said oil produced there may be extra flammable.

The warning came three days after a BNSF train carrying crude oil collided in eastern North Dakota with another train carrying grain. The resulting explosion led to the temporary evacuation of a nearby town and added to the growing concern about the safety of oil-by-rail shipments.

Last July a runaway oil train, which originated in North Dakota, derailed and exploded in a small Quebec town, killing 47 people.

Oil extracted from the Bakken, a vast rock formation underneath North Dakota and Montana, “may be more flammable than traditional heavy crude oil,” the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, part of the U.S. Department of Transportation, said on Thursday.

Whiting & Continental, the largest Bakken producers, saw their shares fall more than 3.5 percent after the announcement. Shares of Oasis Petroleum Inc, Kodiak Oil & Gas Corp and Northern Oil & Gas Inc saw similar drops.

Crude oil prices also fell, contributing to the decline.

The U.S. government’s warning should come as no surprise considering refineries and other oil buyers value the high energy content of Bakken crude oil, said Ron Ness, the head of the North Dakota Petroleum Council, a trade group for oil producers.

“I don’t think there’s any surprise that Bakken crude oil is the highest quality crude oil available and it has more of those high-end components that you’re looking for in a top-shelf crude oil,” Ness said.

Ness said Whiting and other producers he represents follow current federal standards for oil-by-rail shipment. He said the U.S. government should consider updating transportation regulations that currently put crude oil in the same category as ammonia and other chemicals for safety standards.Oil producers are not responsible for their product once it is loaded onto railcars, a process that typically comes as sale of the oil is finalized. Logistics companies often buy oil from producers and arrange to have it shipped via rail or other means, before selling it to the end user.

The oil involved in the Monday crash was loaded onto the train in Fryburg, North Dakota, and was headed nearly 1,300 miles (2,092 km) to Hayti, Missouri.

Sources familiar with the loading operations told Reuters on Tuesday that Houston-based logistics company Great Northern Midstream loaded the crude at Fryburg, and it was to be unloaded at Marquis Energy’s storage terminal and barge loading facility at Hayti, along the Mississippi River.

“When the train leaves the station, (the oil) is in someone else’s hands,” Ness said.

The American Association of Railroads (AAR), an industry trade group for BNSF and others, said it has worked with federal regulators to try and increase railcar design standards and other regulations. Railways do not inspect material they ship, and simply transport it from one location to another.

A member of the National Transportation Safety Board said on Tuesday that railcars involved in the crash were all older types that do not meet the latest industry safety standards.

 

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